Fluoroline Cement Lining is an effective corrosion prevention system with excellent temperature characteristics (350° F) for CO2 and secondary recovery applications.
Quick Facts
- Acid resistance
- Economy and long life
- For brine and CO2 injection lines
Recommended Services
- Bring injection (water flood, disposal)
Benefits
- Good for reconditioning pipe
Characteristics
- Fluorolined Portland cement
Fluoroline
cement lining has been used to protect against tubing corrosion for
over four decandes, however in recent years, its use has increased
dramatically. An outstanding record of success in C02
applications, a proven method of joint protection, freedom to run wire
line devices without damage to the lining and the ability to utilize
green band class tubing (31-50% wall loss or pit penetration), are
responsible for the increased utilization of cement lined tubing.
Protective Mechanism.The
protective mechanism of cement lining stems from passivation at the
steel-cement contact area due to increased pH, and the long-term
reaction between cement and pozzolanic materials which results in
self-healing of small cracks in the lining.
Setting DepthsIn
down hole usage, Fluoroline is subjected to three types of stresses:
torsional, internal pressure and tensional. Of these, only
tensional is of suffecient magnitude to consider. By method of
application, cement is forced into the imperfections of th steel tube,
thus creating a strong mechanical bond between the two. This bond
is further strengthened by the natural expansion of a cement-pozzolan
material in the presence of moisture. Thus, locked in place, and
carrying no load, the lining is subject to tensional stresses only
after the elongation of the steel exceeds the modulus of the cement
(1.564 x 106). Beyond this point cracks do occur - their number
and width being in direct relation to the load. However, by
calculations, laboratory tests and numberous field installations, it
has been demonstrated that the lining remains tightly bonded as long as
these cracks do not exceed two mils in width. Further, it has
been established that self-healing will quickly mend breaks of such
width. With reference to the following chart it becomes evident
that the actual setting depth of Fluoroline is determined by the grade
of steel selected.
Fracture width corresponding to setting depth*
Tubing Size
O.D.
|
Tubing Wall
Thickness
|
Lined Weight
Per Foot
|
Steel Depth
(S.F. = 1.8)
|
Steel
Grade
|
Width of Fracture
(in mils)
|
| 2 3/8" |
.190" |
5.55# |
5,200
7,100
10,400
|
H
J
N
|
.73
1.00
1.47
|
2 7/8"
|
.217"
|
7.55
|
5,300
7,300
10,600
|
H
J
N
|
.73
1.02
1.47
|
3 1/2"
|
.254"
|
10.85
|
5,300
7,300
10,600
|
H
J
N
|
.73
1.01
1.47
|
4 1/2"
|
.271"
|
15.16
|
5,200
7,200
10,500
|
H
J
N
|
.73
1.01
1.48
|
*API recommended setting depths for bare tubing
|
